UGC NET Computer Science Computer Previous Year Questions (PYQs) – Page 9 of 9

Consider ar as a 3-dimensional array declared as:

data_type ar[a][b][c];

Here, the array element ar[m][n][o] can be represented in pointer form as:

*(*(*(ar + m) + n) + o)

Step-by-step understanding:

• ar is a pointer to the first 2D array ar[0].
• ar + m moves the pointer to the m^th 2D array → ar[m].
• *(ar + m) gives the address of the first 1D array inside ar[m].
• *(ar + m) + n moves to the n^th 1D array → ar[m][n].
• *(*(ar + m) + n) gives the address of the first element of that 1D array.
• *(*(*(ar + m) + n) + o) finally gives the element ar[m][n][o].

✅ Final Answer: *(*(*(ar + m) + n) + o)

For a fuzzy set $A$, the $\lambda$-cut is defined as: $$A_\lambda = \{x \mid \mu_A(x) \ge \lambda\}$$

• Union Property: $(A \cup B)_\lambda = A_\lambda \cup B_\lambda$ ✅
• Intersection Property: $(A \cap B)_\lambda = A_\lambda \cap B_\lambda$ ✅
• Monotonicity: If $\lambda \le \beta$, then $A_\beta \subseteq A_\lambda$ ✅
• Complement: $\mu_{\overline{A}}(x) = 1 - \mu_A(x)$ ⇒ $(\overline{A})_\lambda = \{x \mid 1 - \mu_A(x) \ge \lambda\} = \{x \mid \mu_A(x) \le 1 - \lambda\}$ ❌

Hence, $(\overline{A})_\lambda$ is not equal to $A_\lambda$, even when $\lambda = 1$. Therefore, the statement “except when $\lambda = 1$” is incorrect.

✅ Final Answer: Option 3 is not valid.

McCall’s Quality Model classifies software quality into three main categories:

• Product Operation factors: Correctness, Reliability, Efficiency, Integrity, Usability
• Product Revision factors: Maintainability, Flexibility, Testability
• Product Transition factors: Portability, Reusability, Interoperability

- Maintainability ✅ – part of Product Revision factors
- Usability ✅ – part of Product Operation factors
- Integrity ❌ – although in McCall model, it’s not grouped directly with Functionality in this context
- Functionality ✅ – general umbrella factor related to McCall’s quality aspects

✅ Final Answer: A, B and D Only