UGC NET Computer Science Computer Awareness Previous Year Questions (PYQs) – Page 1 of 3
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Showing 26 questions
In the context of 3D Computer graphics, which of the following statements is/are correct?
(A) Under perspective projection, each set of parallel lines in the object do not stay parallel in the image except those that are parallel to the viewplane to start with.
(B) Applying a perspective transformation in the graphics pipeline to a vertex involves dividing by its z coordinate.
(C) Perspective transformation is a linear transformation.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Under perspective projection, each set of parallel lines in the object do not stay parallel in the image except those that are parallel to the viewplane to start with.
(B) Applying a perspective transformation in the graphics pipeline to a vertex involves dividing by its z coordinate.
(C) Perspective transformation is a linear transformation.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Solution
In perspective projection, parallel lines generally meet at vanishing point.
So, statement A is true.
Perspective transformation involves perspective division, commonly by z-coordinate.
So, statement B is true.
Because division is involved, perspective transformation is not linear.
So, statement C is false.
So, statement A is true.
Perspective transformation involves perspective division, commonly by z-coordinate.
So, statement B is true.
Because division is involved, perspective transformation is not linear.
So, statement C is false.
Concerning Phong shading and Gouraud shading in a 3D scene, which of the following statements are true?
(A) Gouraud shading requires more computation than Phong shading.
(B) Gouraud shading linearly interpolates the color of an interior pixel from the color at the vertices.
(C) Phong shading interpolates over the normal vectors specified at the vertices.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Gouraud shading requires more computation than Phong shading.
(B) Gouraud shading linearly interpolates the color of an interior pixel from the color at the vertices.
(C) Phong shading interpolates over the normal vectors specified at the vertices.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Solution
Phong shading requires more computation than Gouraud shading.
So, statement A is false.
Gouraud shading computes color at vertices and interpolates color inside the polygon.
So, statement B is true.
Phong shading interpolates normal vectors and then computes illumination.
So, statement C is true.
Which of the following transforms in 2 dimension is used to resize a 2-dimensional object?
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Solution
Scaling transformation is used to increase or decrease the size of a 2-dimensional object.
Which of the following cloud concept or concepts is or are related to pooling and sharing of resources?
$(A)$ Virtual Memory
$(B)$ Service
$(C)$ Virtualization
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
$(A)$ Virtual Memory
$(B)$ Service
$(C)$ Virtualization
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Solution
In cloud computing, pooling and sharing of resources means multiple users can use shared computing resources like CPU, memory, storage and network.
Virtualization is the main concept that helps in pooling and sharing of resources.
Using virtualization, one physical machine can be divided into multiple virtual machines.
So, many users can share the same physical resources.
Virtual Memory is an operating system concept, not mainly a cloud computing concept for resource pooling.
Service means providing facilities like $IaaS$, $PaaS$ and $SaaS$, but the direct concept related to pooling and sharing is virtualization.
Therefore, only $(C)$ Virtualization is correct.
Virtualization is the main concept that helps in pooling and sharing of resources.
Using virtualization, one physical machine can be divided into multiple virtual machines.
So, many users can share the same physical resources.
Virtual Memory is an operating system concept, not mainly a cloud computing concept for resource pooling.
Service means providing facilities like $IaaS$, $PaaS$ and $SaaS$, but the direct concept related to pooling and sharing is virtualization.
Therefore, only $(C)$ Virtualization is correct.
Consider the rectangle with vertices $(0,0)$, $(0,2)$, $(3,0)$, $(3,2)$. There is scaling of 2 towards x-axis and 3 towards y-axis. The new coordinates of the rectangle are
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Solution
Scaling factor along x-axis = $2$
Scaling factor along y-axis = $3$
So,
$(0,0) \to (0,0)$
$(0,2) \to (0,6)$
$(3,0) \to (6,0)$
$(3,2) \to (6,6)$
Match List-I with List-II.List I gives $3\times 3$ matrices representing $2D$ transformations and List-II shows the corresponding transformation diagrams.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Solution
For (A),
$\left[[2,0,0],[0,2,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
This is a scaling matrix.
Here, $S_x=2$ and $S_y=2$.
So, (A) matches with (II).
For (B),
$\left[[1,0,2],[0,1,2],[0,0,1]\right]$
This is a translation matrix.
Here, $T_x=2$ and $T_y=2$.
So, (B) matches with (IV).
For (C),
$\left[[0.5,-0.866,0],[0.866,0.5,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
The standard rotation matrix is:
$\left[[\cos\theta,-\sin\theta,0],[\sin\theta,\cos\theta,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
Here,
$\cos 60^\circ=0.5$
and
$\sin 60^\circ=0.866$
So, this matrix represents rotation by $60^\circ$.
Therefore, (C) matches with (III).
For (D),
$\left[[1,2,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
This is shear in $x$ direction.
Here, shear factor is $2$.
So, (D) matches with (I).
Final matching is:
A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
$\left[[2,0,0],[0,2,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
This is a scaling matrix.
Here, $S_x=2$ and $S_y=2$.
So, (A) matches with (II).
For (B),
$\left[[1,0,2],[0,1,2],[0,0,1]\right]$
This is a translation matrix.
Here, $T_x=2$ and $T_y=2$.
So, (B) matches with (IV).
For (C),
$\left[[0.5,-0.866,0],[0.866,0.5,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
The standard rotation matrix is:
$\left[[\cos\theta,-\sin\theta,0],[\sin\theta,\cos\theta,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
Here,
$\cos 60^\circ=0.5$
and
$\sin 60^\circ=0.866$
So, this matrix represents rotation by $60^\circ$.
Therefore, (C) matches with (III).
For (D),
$\left[[1,2,0],[0,1,0],[0,0,1]\right]$
This is shear in $x$ direction.
Here, shear factor is $2$.
So, (D) matches with (I).
Final matching is:
A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
Match List I with List II
| LIST I | LIST II |
A. Bezier curves | I. 3 dim objects that have translation rotational symmetry |
B. B-Splines | II. Fractal geometry |
C. Sweep representations | III. Bias and tension |
D. Natural objects | IV. Painting drawing CAD |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Solution
Bezier curves are commonly used in painting, drawing and CAD.
B-Splines are related to bias and tension.
Sweep representations are used for 3D objects having translational or rotational symmetry.
Natural objects are represented using fractal geometry.
So,
A – IV, B – III, C – I, D – II
Hidden surface removal problem with minimal $3D$ pipeline can be solved with
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Solution
Painter's algorithm is used for hidden surface removal.
It works by drawing far objects first and then nearer objects over them.
So, hidden surface removal with minimal $3D$ pipeline can be solved using Painter's algorithm.
It works by drawing far objects first and then nearer objects over them.
So, hidden surface removal with minimal $3D$ pipeline can be solved using Painter's algorithm.
Given below are different properties of $3D$ projections from A-D. Identify the correct order on the basis of property true of:
$(i)$ a perspective projection only,
$(ii)$ an orthographic projection only,
$(iii)$ both orthographic and projective transformations,
$(iv)$ neither orthographic nor projective transformation, respectively.
(A) Straight lines are mapped to straight lines.
(B) Distances and angles are in general preserved.
(C) Far away objects appear the same size as closer ones.
(D) Requires homogeneous coordinates in order for it to be encoded into a linear transformation.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
$(i)$ a perspective projection only,
$(ii)$ an orthographic projection only,
$(iii)$ both orthographic and projective transformations,
$(iv)$ neither orthographic nor projective transformation, respectively.
(A) Straight lines are mapped to straight lines.
(B) Distances and angles are in general preserved.
(C) Far away objects appear the same size as closer ones.
(D) Requires homogeneous coordinates in order for it to be encoded into a linear transformation.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
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Solution
For perspective projection only:
Perspective projection needs homogeneous coordinates to represent it using matrix form.
So, $(i)$ matches with D.
For orthographic projection only:
In orthographic projection, far away objects appear the same size as closer objects.
So, $(ii)$ matches with C.
For both orthographic and projective transformations:
Both transformations map straight lines to straight lines.
So, $(iii)$ matches with A.
For neither orthographic nor projective transformation:
Distances and angles are not preserved in general by these projections.
So, $(iv)$ matches with B.
Final order is:
D, C, A, B
Perspective projection needs homogeneous coordinates to represent it using matrix form.
So, $(i)$ matches with D.
For orthographic projection only:
In orthographic projection, far away objects appear the same size as closer objects.
So, $(ii)$ matches with C.
For both orthographic and projective transformations:
Both transformations map straight lines to straight lines.
So, $(iii)$ matches with A.
For neither orthographic nor projective transformation:
Distances and angles are not preserved in general by these projections.
So, $(iv)$ matches with B.
Final order is:
D, C, A, B
What is called Journalling in Linux operating system?
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Solution
In Linux, journalling is a file system feature.
It records file system changes as transactions before applying them permanently.
This helps in recovery after a crash or power failure.
It records file system changes as transactions before applying them permanently.
This helps in recovery after a crash or power failure.
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